Pathology in autoimmune
Nervous System
Contents
Neurons and NervesNeurotransmitter
The Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Senses: Sight, Senses, Smell, Taste, Sences, Senses
Memory
Higher Functions
Altered States
- Tongue - Embedded within the surface of the tongue are four types of taste receptors localized in specific regions on the
tongue (see Figure
19). Each detects a different class of chemical: sweet (sugars), sour (acids), bitter (complex organics), and salty (salts). The "hot" sensation of foods such as chili peppers is detected by pain receptors, not chemical receptors. But a report in 2006 reveals that contrary to popular belief, there is no tongue map. Responsiveness to the five basic modalities - bitter, sour, sweet salty and umami (a Japanese word
Figure 19 Tongue
[view large image]Figure 20 Papillae [view large image]
meaning the savory or meaty taste of amino acids) is present in all areas of the tongue.
Papillae - The papillae are those small elevations visible to the naked eyes. There are three types of papillae located from the back of the tongue toward the tip. Filiform papillae are generally conical or pointed; fungiform papillae are flat-toped; vallate papillae are larger with an outer groove (see Figure 20). Many taste buds lie along the walls of the papillae. Isolated ones also are present on the palate, the pharynx, and the epiglottis.
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